Fixed Appliances in Orthodontics: Types, Functions, and Benefits
What is a fixed appliance and how does it work?
A fixed appliance is a set of elements adhered to the teeth that apply mechanical forces to gradually move them into their ideal position. It consists of brackets, bands, archwires, and ligatures that work together to modify the patient's alignment and bite.
They are used in the following cases:
✔️ Correction of dental crowding
✔️ Closing of diastemas or gaps between teeth
✔️ Modification of the bite to improve chewing function
✔️ Alignment of tilted teeth due to extractions or tooth loss
Types of fixed orthodontic appliances
There are different types depending on their function and aesthetics:
🔹 Metal braces: These are the most commonly used due to their strength and affordable cost.
🔹 Aesthetic braces (ceramic or sapphire): These are less visible but more fragile.
🔹 Lingual braces: These are placed on the inside surface of the teeth, making the treatment imperceptible.
🔹 Maxillary orthopaedic appliances: These include palatal expanders and disruptors to modify bone structure.
Advantages and disadvantages of fixed appliances
✅ Advantages:
✔️ Greater precision in tooth movements
✔️ Do not require patient cooperation for use
✔️ Capable of treating severe malocclusions
✔️ More predictable results compared to removable appliances
❌ Disadvantages:
⚠️ Greater difficulty with oral hygiene
⚠️ Possible discomfort in the first few weeks
⚠️ May cause sores or irritation in the oral mucosa
Care and maintenance
✔️ Meticulous brushing with a special brush and use of oral irrigators
✔️ Avoid sticky or hard foods that can dislodge brackets
✔️ Attend regular check-ups for adjustments
✔️ Use of orthodontic wax to prevent chafing in the first few weeks
Conclusion
Fixed appliances are one of the most effective options for dental correction. Their use requires commitment from the patient regarding hygiene and visits to the orthodontist, but their results are highly satisfactory.
Legal Notice and Disclaimer
This article is part of ONAK's Dictionary of Medical Terms and is for informational purposes only. It does not replace consultation with an orthodontist.
Bibliography
- Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W. "Contemporary Orthodontics." 5th ed. Elsevier; 2012. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12121414/
- Graber, T. M., Vanarsdall, R. L. "Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques." 6th ed. Mosby; 2021. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29593265/
