Anemia and its Impact on Oral Health: Relationship with Periodontal Diseases
What is anemia and how does it affect oral health?
Anemia is a hematological disorder that can lead to oral symptoms such as mucosal pallor, recurrent aphthous ulcers, tongue inflammation (glossitis), and increased susceptibility to periodontal infections.
It is classified as:
✔️ Iron deficiency anemia: Caused by iron deficiency, it affects the repair of gingival tissues.
✔️ Megaloblastic anemia: Related to vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, it can cause glossitis and burning in the tongue.
✔️ Aplastic anemia: A decrease in the production of blood cells, leading to a greater predisposition to oral infections.
Oral manifestations of anemia
🦷 Pallor in oral mucous membranes due to reduced red blood cells.
🦷 Smooth and reddened tongue (atrophic glossitis).
🦷 Increased risk of periodontitis due to weakening of the immune response.
🦷 Xerostomia and a burning sensation in the mouth.
Relationship between anemia and periodontal disease
The decrease in oxygen in oral tissues compromises the body's ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of gingivitis and severe periodontitis. Studies have shown that patients with iron deficiency anemia have a higher index of gingival bleeding and gum recession.
Treatment and prevention
✔️ Correction of nutritional deficiency with iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid.
✔️ Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist for periodontal control.
✔️ Use of rinses and moisturizing products in case of xerostomia.
✔️ Diet rich in iron and essential vitamins for tissue regeneration.
Conclusion
Anemia not only affects general health, but also oral health. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent periodontal complications and improve the patient's quality of life.
Legal Notice and Disclaimer
This article is part of ONAK's Dictionary of Medical Terms and is for informational purposes. It does not replace a consultation with a dentist or doctor.
Bibliography
- Baab, D. A., Oberg, P. A. "The effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the oral health status of adults." J Oral Pathol Med. 2002; 31(5): 287-291. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12121414/
- Novakovic, N., Todorovic, T., Pejovic, J. "Oral manifestations and periodontal status in patients with different types of anemia." J Oral Sci. 2018; 60(1): 117-123. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29593265/
