NSAIDs in Dentistry: Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

What are NSAIDs and what are they used for in dentistry?

NSAIDs are a class of drugs that inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, reducing the production of prostaglandins responsible for inflammation and pain.

In dentistry, they are used in the following cases:

🦷 Postoperative pain management after tooth extractions or periodontal surgery.
🦷 Control of inflammation in infections such as dental abscesses or acute pulpitis.
🦷 Pain treatment in cases of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD).

Most common types of NSAIDs used in dentistry

There are different types of NSAIDs with specific indications:

• Ibuprofen: It is the most widely used due to its effectiveness and low incidence of adverse effects.
• Naproxen: It has a longer action, ideal for severe inflammation.
• Ketorolac: Potent analgesic indicated in cases of severe postoperative pain.
• Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Used with caution due to its anticoagulant effect.

Precautions and adverse effects of NSAIDs

Despite their effectiveness, NSAIDs can have adverse effects if not used correctly:

⚠️ Gastric irritation and ulcers.
⚠️ Risk of bleeding in patients with coagulation disorders.
⚠️ Increased cardiovascular risk with prolonged treatments.
⚠️ Interactions with other medications, such as antihypertensives and anticoagulants.

Alternatives to NSAIDs in dentistry

For patients with contraindications, the following can be used:

🔹 Paracetamol: Safe analgesic without anti-inflammatory effects.
🔹 Corticosteroids: For severe inflammation under medical supervision.
🔹 Local anesthetics: Pain blockade in specific procedures.

Conclusion

NSAIDs are essential drugs in dentistry for the management of pain and inflammation, but their use must be controlled to avoid adverse effects. It is always advisable to follow the dosage indicated by the healthcare professional.

Legal Notice and Disclaimer

This article is part of ONAK's Medical Terms Dictionary and is for informational purposes only. It does not replace consultation with a dentist or doctor.

Bibliography

1. Dionne, R. A., Gordon, S. M., Rowan, J. "The efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute dental pain." J Am Dent Assoc. 1998; 129(8): 1106-1113. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9715825/
2. Becker, D. E. "Pain management: Part 1: Managing acute and postoperative dental pain." Anesth Prog. 2010; 57(2): 67-78. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20553137/